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比特派官网安卓版下载|seeds

作者：比特派官网安卓版下载

2024-03-07 21:01:46

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SEED中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典

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seed 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译

seednoun uk

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/siːd/ us

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/siːd/

seed noun

(PLANT)

Add to word list

B2 [ C or U ] a small, round, or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow

种子

Sow the seeds (= put them in the ground) about three centimetres deep.

把这些种子种进约3厘米深的地方。

The chemical will stop all seeds from sprouting (= starting to grow).

这种化学制品可使种子无法发芽。

The farmers grow these crops for seed (= for planting to grow more crops, rather than for eating).

农民种这些庄稼是为了育种。

比较

pip

[ U ] literary →

semen

精液

go/run to seed

If a food plant goes or runs to seed, it produces flowers and seeds because it has not been picked early enough.

（食用植物未及时采摘而）开花结籽

In hot weather lettuces can suddenly run to seed.

在炎热的天气下，莴苣会在很短的时间内开花结籽。

If a person or place goes or runs to seed, their physical appearance becomes worse because no one takes care of them.

（人）变得不修边幅；（地方）变得破败

After he retired, he really went to seed.

退休之后，他真的变得不修边幅了。

更多范例减少例句Sow the seeds in pots.It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout.caraway seedsIt's rather early to be sowing carrot seeds, isn't it?How many seeds are there in a packet?

seed noun

(BEGINNING)

C2 [ C usually plural ] the cause of a feeling or situation, or the early stages of it

根源;原因;初期

From these early seeds of their friendship, they grew into lifelong companions.

早年的友谊让他们成为相伴一生的伴侣。

He may be sowing the seeds of his own destruction in the long term by using violence against his own people.

对人民使用暴力，他也许正在为自己最终的毁灭埋下种子。

seed noun

(SPORT)

[ C ] especially in tennis, a good player who is given a place on the list of those expected to win games in a particular competition because of the way they have played in the past

（尤指网球的）种子选手

Turner's opponent in the quarter-finals is the number one seed.

在四分之一决赛中，特纳的对手是1号种子选手。

seedverb uk

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/siːd/ us

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

/siːd/

seed verb

(PLANT)

[ I or T ] to produce seeds

结（籽）

The plants have seeded themselves (= their seeds have fallen) into the cracks between the paving stones.

植物的种子在铺路石的缝隙中落地生根。

[ T ] (also deseed) to remove the seeds from a fruit or vegetable

除去…的种子

Wash, seed, and cut the pepper into small pieces.

将辣椒洗洗，去籽，切成小片。

seed verb

(SPORT)

[ T usually passive ] to make a player a seed

使成为种子选手

[ + adj ] Jones, seeded second, has won her last ten matches.

2号种子选手琼斯在过去的10场比赛中保持全胜。

(seed在剑桥英语-中文（简体）词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)

seed的例句

seed

Transplanted rice undergoes two more growth processes than does the directly seeded rice, nursery growth and transplanting shock.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

It was this early experience as a rice breeder which also led to an interest in seed dormancy.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

The screening system permitted a population approach for quantification of changes in seed population thermal behaviour in relation to dormancy loss.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

This suggests that seed predators tended to be more host-specific in 1998 than in 1996.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

There is also a list of over 40 institutes and individuals working on jackfruit, and 25 pages of recipes using the fruit or seeds.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

The lower degree of depth-mediated inhibition in no-till may increase the percentage of active seed bank, thereby reducing the amount of older seeds.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

If the glucosinolate content of rapeseed seed meal remains low, it too can be used as a feed supplement.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

Responses to fluctuating temperatures are consistent among seeds of many species, but the physiological mechanisms underlying such responses are still unknown.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。

B2,C2

seed的翻译

中文（繁体）

植物, 種子, 精液…

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西班牙语

semilla, cabeza de serie, quitar las semillas a…

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葡萄牙语

semente, semente [feminine]…

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बीज, धान्य उगवण्यासाठी पेरेले जाणारे बी…

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種, 種子, 種（たね）…

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tohum, çekirdek, tohum ekmek…

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graine [feminine], germe [masculine], graine…

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llavor…

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zaad, kiem, geplaatst…

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ஒரு தாவரத்தால் உற்பத்தி செய்யப்படும் ஒரு சிறிய, சுற்று அல்லது ஓவல் வடிவ பொருள் மற்றும் அதிலிருந்து, அது நடப்படும் போது…

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बीज, एक भावना या परिस्थिति का कारण या प्रारंभिक चरण…

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બીજ…

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frø, -frø, spire…

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frö, seedad spelare, gå i frö…

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biji, bibit, meletakkan seseorang sebagai pemain pilihan…

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der Samen, der Keim, gesetzt…

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frø [neuter], kime [masculine], spire [masculine]…

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بیج, تخم, ابتدائی…

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сім'я, насіння, початок…

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семечко, сеять…

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గింజ, విత్తనం, భావన లేదా పరిస్థితికి కారణం లేదా దాని ప్రారంభ దశలు…

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بِذْرة…

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বীজ, একেবারে প্রথম বা অঙ্কুর পর্যায়, একটি অনুভূতি বা পরিস্থিতির কারণ বা এটির প্রাথমিক পর্যায়…

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semeno, zárodek, nasazený hráč…

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biji, benih, pilihan…

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เมล็ด, จุดเริ่ม, ผู้แข่งขันที่คัดเลือกไว้โดยหวังว่าจะเข้ารอบสุดท้าย…

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hạt giống, mầm mống, nguồn gốc…

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nasienie, ziarno, siać…

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씨앗…

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seme, (testa di serie), produrre seme…

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seed的发音是什么？

在英语词典中查看 seed 的释义

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see you soon idiom

see your way (clear) to doing something idiom

see/catch you later! idiom

see/think fit phrase

seed

seed corn

seed money

seed potato

seedbed

seed更多的中文(简体)翻译

全部

seed corn

seed money

seed potato

sesame seed

seed, at pip

ajwain seed, at ajwain

carom seed, at carom

查看全部意思»

“每日一词”

veggie burger

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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɜː.ɡər/

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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɝː.ɡɚ/

a type of food similar to a hamburger but made without meat, by pressing together small pieces of vegetables, seeds, etc. into a flat, round shape

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Seed | Form, Function, Dispersal, & Germination | Britannica

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seeds是什么意思_seeds的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典

s是什么意思_seeds的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典首页翻译背单词写作校对词霸下载用户反馈专栏平台登录seeds是什么意思_seeds用英语怎么说_seeds的翻译_seeds翻译成_seeds的中文意思_seeds怎么读,seeds的读音,seeds的用法,seeds的例句翻译人工翻译试试人工翻译翻译全文简明柯林斯牛津seeds高中英 [siːdz]美 [siːdz]释义n.种子( seed的名词复数 ); 子孙; 起源; （尤指网球比赛）种子选手大小写变形:Seeds点击人工翻译，了解更多人工释义实用场景例句全部Sow the seeds in drills about 1/2in. deep and 12in. apart.在深约0.5英寸，间隔12英寸的条播沟里播种。柯林斯例句Researchers have isolated a new protein from the seeds of poppies.研究人员已经从罂粟种子里分离出一种新的蛋白质。柯林斯例句Remove the seeds and stones and cube the flesh.把籽和果核弄掉，将果肉切成小方块。柯林斯例句The seeds were not meant for human consumption.这些种子并不是给人吃的。柯林斯例句When you sprout seeds their nutritional content increases.让种子发芽后，其营养含量会提高。柯林斯例句The globular seed capsule contains numerous small seeds.这种球形种子荚里含有大量的小种子。柯林斯例句During the winter the seeds lie dormant in the soil.冬天种子在土壤中休眠。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》a packet of wild flower seeds一包野花籽《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》Sow the seeds in rows.一垄一垄地播种。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》All the fields are now ploughed up, ready for the seeds.全部土地都翻耕过了, 准备播种.《简明英汉词典》The seeds of dandelion were carried to the meadow by the wind.风把蒲公英的种子吹到草地上.《简明英汉词典》These seeds must be covered with a layer of earth.这些种子必须盖上一层泥土.《简明英汉词典》Half of these plots is devoted to raising improved seeds.这些土地的一半被用来培育良种.《简明英汉词典》He was spitting out the husks of sunflower seeds on the floor.他把瓜子皮吐在地板上.《简明英汉词典》Don't mix up the two kinds of vegetable seeds.别把这两种菜籽搀杂在一起.《现代汉英综合大词典》收起实用场景例句真题例句全部六级高考考研But Monsanto, the agricultural giant, insists it has a patent on the kind of genetically modified seeds Bowman used―and that the patent continues to all of the progeny (后代)of those seeds.出自-2013年12月阅读原文If farmers like Bowman are able to use these seeds without paying the designated fee, it will remove the incentives for companies like Monsanto to innovate.出自-2013年12月阅读原文He used genetically modified seeds to feed his cattle出自-2013年12月阅读原文He obtained Monsanto's patented seeds by illegal means.出自-2013年12月阅读原文Abolish the patent law concerning genetically engineered seeds出自-2013年12月阅读原文Bowman cannot plant the seeds without Monsanto's consent.出自-2013年12月阅读原文Monsanto has the right to recover the costs of its patented seeds出自-2013年12月阅读原文Patent law on genetically modified seeds should not be challenged.出自-2013年12月阅读原文Whether patent for seeds is harmful to agricultural production出自-2013年12月阅读原文As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower," The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves.2018年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section BAt the start of her career, Farrant studied "recalcitrant seeds (顽物性种子)," such as avocados, coffee and lychee.2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section BIn the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust.2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section BMany of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants.2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section BMost seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout.2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section BThe bird Clark's nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100, 000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic(共生的) relationship with several pine species, most 32 notably the whitebark pine.2016年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section AThere is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.2016年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section BWhen that happens, many trees like walnuts, oaks and pines, rely 30 exclusively on so-called "scatter-hoarders, " such as birds, to move their seeds to new localities.2016年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section AWhile tasty, such seeds are delicate — they cannot bud and grow if they dry out as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit.2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section BAre you going to put the seeds of tomatoes into the soil, too?2016年高考英语上海卷听力原文He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a cake for his mother and some seeds for his bird.2015年高考英语湖北卷完形填空原文He thought of his bird with no seeds and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was determined that he would not tell a lie.2015年高考英语湖北卷完形填空原文Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in Vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc not that fruits have much protein.2018年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读B 原文In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds."2012年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ收起真题例句释义实用场景例句真

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Journals

Seeds

Pre-Sowing Static Magnetic Field Treatment of Vegetable Seeds and Its Effect on Germination and Young Seedlings Development

Can Osmopriming Induce Cross-Tolerance for Abiotic Stresses in Solanum paniculatum L. Seeds? A Transcriptome Analysis Point of View

Oxidant and Antioxidant Profiling in Viscaria alpina Seed Populations Following the Temporal Dynamics of an Alpine Climate

Journal Description

Seeds

is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on seed science and technology published quarterly online by MDPI.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.

Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first

decision is provided to authors approximately 29.3 days after submission; acceptance

to publication is undertaken in 4.7 days (median values for papers published in

this journal in the second half of 2023).

Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.

Seeds is a companion journal of Agronomy.

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Open Access

ISSN: 2674-1024

Latest Articles

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10 pages, 2521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation in Allium fistulosum L. Seeds Exposed to Different Storage Conditions

Gregorio Padula, Anca Macovei, Adriano Ravasio, Andrea Pagano, Conrado Jr Dueñas, Xianzong Xia, Roman Hołubowicz and Alma Balestrazzi

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 123-132; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010010 - 09 Feb 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Allium fistulosum seeds stored under different conditions. Optimized seed storage conditions are essential to maintain seed viability, otherwise accumulation of ROS-induced oxidative damage can lead to seed aging. The A. fistulosum seed lots used in this study have been selected based on their breeding background and reproduction site. Seed samples were stored up to 22 months under six different conditions of temperature (25, 10, and 7.5 °C) and relative humidity (RH) (25% and 45% RH). A germination test and ROS quantification assay were performed on the samples collected after 12 and 22 months of storage, respectively. Within a time-window of 10 months, the tested seed lots evidenced a decrease in the germination rate associated with increased ROS levels. Correlation analysis also showed that ROS production was influenced by genotype. The reported data showed that ROS accumulation was dependent on the storage condition and genotype. Some of the tested seed lots appeared to be prone to ROS accumulation, independent of storage conditions. On the other hand, specific condition storages (25 °C, 25% RH; 25 °C, 45% RH; 10 °C, 25% RH; 7.5 °C, 25% RH) resulted in a lower impact on seed aging.

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19 pages, 1612 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chemopreventive Potential of Oils Extracted from Seeds of Three Annona Species

Prabash Attanayake, Dinesha Rupasinghe, Ashoka Gamage, Terrence Madhujith and Othmane Merah

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 105-122; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010009 - 07 Feb 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Annona fruit, leaves, seeds, roots, and bark have been conventionally used in many countries for medical treatments as they are considered ideal sources of pharmacologically active compounds, but Annona remains an underutilized fruit in many countries. The fruit of these plants is delicately flavored and is used in industrial products such as ready-to-serve beverages, wine, jellies, jam, and fruit-butter preserve, while the seeds generally go to waste. Annona seed oil contains numerous health-benefiting factors such as vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds, fatty acids, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds, which are responsible for various biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Cancer is a worldwide major health problem that remains unresolved. Even though the current treatments can manage to reduce tumor growth, there is an urgent need to investigate more efficient but less expensive novel techniques to overcome some of the restrictions in treating tumors. Annona might offer an indispensable choice besides chemotherapy and radiotherapy, especially for terminally ill patients, as the Annona genus contains secondary metabolites in nearly every component of Annona plants. Research has shown that many Annona species contain promising components that could potentially exhibit anticancer activity, but the information available is scarce and inconsistent. Annona muricata (Soursop, “Katuanoda”), Annona squamosa (Sweetsop, “Seenianoda”), and Annona reticulata (Custard apple, “Welianoda”) are three commonly cultivated edible Annona species in Sri Lanka. The main objective of the review was to present an updated comprehensive literature analysis of the putative chemopreventive functions against cancer cell lines/the anticancer effect on cancers, phytochemical properties, and antioxidant properties possessed by the seed oils of three selected common Annona species. Although there are some in vitro and in vivo experimental investigations supporting the benefits of Annona seed oils, clinical investigations are still needed to explore concealed areas, determine the effects on the human body, determine the safest concentration, and determine health-contributing benefits before they are submitted to clinical trials.

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2 pages, 168 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Seeds: What Happened in 2023?

José Antonio Hernández, Pedro Díaz-Vivancos and Gregorio Barba-Espín

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 103-104; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010008 - 29 Jan 2024

Abstract

As Editor-in-Chief of Seeds, I would like to thank the Authors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members, Academic Editors, Assistant Editors and all the Staff involved in Seeds for their effort and dedication, which has helped to establish Seeds as a scientific journal in

[...] Read more.

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15 pages, 286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Hydro, Mechanical, and Chemical Treatments to Seed for Germination and Seedling Growth of Saraca asoca (Roxb. De Wilde)

Abha Manohar Kandileri, Gopal Shukla, Libin T. Louis, Anil Raj Kizha, Azamal Husen and Sumit Chakravarty

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 88-102; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010007 - 10 Jan 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

It has been noticed that Saraca asoca (Roxb. de Wilde) populations are drastically declining in the wild. Conserving such populations is crucial because of the numerous ecological, cultural, and economic values. The purpose of our study was to determine if germination and seedling growth could be improved for globally vulnerable Ashoka populations. The study analyzed the effect of various hydro, mechanical, and chemical pre-sowing treatments on the germination and one-year growth of Ashoka seedlings. Our results demonstrated that mechanical (exposing the seed cotyledons) and soaking of seeds in hot water treatments (60 °C) were better than all other water- and chemical-based pre-sowing treatments used in the study of enhancing germination. Nevertheless, chemical treatments were better for the growth and survival of the seedlings. This methodology offers to restore the scattered populations of Ashoka that are facing the risk of extinction in the wild while successfully meeting the commercial demand for this medicinal tree.

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12 pages, 5060 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sesame Germination Dynamics: Unravelling Sesame’s Response to Salinity and Temperature Variability

Majid Gholamhoseini and Aria Dolatabadian

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 76-87; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010006 - 10 Jan 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum), a highly valued oilseed, faces challenges in cultivation, especially in regions susceptible to environmental stressors. This study investigates the interactive effects of salinity and temperature on sesame seed germination. Two cultivars, Darab 1 and Oltan, were subjected to various salinity levels (−3 to −12 bars) and temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C). Results revealed that at 15 °C, salinity levels beyond -3 bars significantly reduced germination, while at 25 °C, 40% and 62% germination rates were recorded even at −12 bars for Darab 1 and Oltan, respectively. This study highlights the importance of temperature in mitigating the inhibitory effects of salinity on germination. Germination speed exhibited a decline with increasing salinity, particularly at lower temperatures. Shoot and root lengths and dry weights decreased with rising salinity, but Oltan demonstrated greater tolerance than Darab 1. The research emphasises the species-specific nature of temperature-salinity interactions and the intraspecific variability among sesame cultivars. Notably, Oltan, adapted to arid regions with elevated temperatures, displayed increased tolerance to salinity stress. These findings contribute to understanding sesame’s resilience to environmental stressors, aiding in developing resilient cultivars for challenging agricultural landscapes. Overall, temperature is pivotal in influencing sesame seed germination and early seedling growth under salinity stress, offering insights for optimised cultivation practices.

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20 pages, 2223 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Effects of Storage Conditions on Seed Deterioration and Ageing: How to Improve Seed Longevity

Françoise Corbineau

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 56-75; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010005 - 09 Jan 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Seeds are classified as either: orthodox, seeds that tolerate dehydration; recalcitrant, seeds that are high in moisture content and cannot withstand intensive desiccation; or intermediate, seeds that survive dehydration but die during dry storage at low temperatures. Seed lifespan depends on the seed category and also varies from one species to another. The rate of loss of vigor and viability of orthodox seeds depends mainly on temperature and seed moisture content (MC); the lower the MC and storage temperature, the longer the longevity. Ultimately, storage in liquid nitrogen or seed ultra-drying by well-adapted processes should allow for long-term storage. The ageing of orthodox seeds is associated with numerous forms of cellular and metabolic damage (membrane integrity, energy metabolism, and the impairment of DNA, RNA, and proteins) in which reactive oxygen species play a prominent role. Interestingly, priming treatment can reinvigorate aged seeds by restoring the antioxidant systems. The storage of recalcitrant seeds is very difficult since they must be placed in a wet medium to avoid dehydration and at temperatures low enough to prevent germination but warm enough to avoid chilling injury. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in ageing is necessary to identify markers in order to estimate seed longevity.

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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies to Improve the Yield and Storage of Seeds for Different Applications)

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16 pages, 3569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geometric Analysis of Seed Shape Diversity in the Cucurbitaceae

José Javier Martín-Gómez, Diego Gutiérrez del Pozo, José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo, Ángel Tocino and Emilio Cervantes

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 40-55; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010004 - 31 Dec 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

The Cucurbitaceae is a monophyletic family with close to 1000 species of climbers, including important agronomic species and varieties characterized by tendrils and pepo fruits. The seed’s morphology is varied, and the development and structure of the seed coat have been described in detail on some species. Overall description of the seed shape is based on terms comparing it with geometric figures, but quantitative methods are lacking in the literature. Here we apply a general morphological analysis to seeds of representative genera of the Cucurbitaceae, followed by curvature analysis in the poles and symmetry analysis. These methods are useful for the quantitative description of seed shape and the comparison between species and varieties. Differences between species were found for most morphological measurements, as well as for symmetry and curvature values. The comparison between three species of Cucumis (Cucumis sativus, C. myriocarpus and C. melo) and two varieties of C. melo reveals differences between species and varieties both in curvature and symmetry. The results obtained from both methods, curvature and symmetry analysis, form similar groupings in a cluster analysis. The methods described here were applied for the identification of agronomic varieties and the quantitative description of seed shape in taxonomy.

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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Imaging and Artificial Intelligence in Seed Research)

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Open AccessArticle

Physical Conditions That Limit Chickpea Root Growth and Emergence in Heavy-Textured Soil

Wendy H. Vance, Richard W. Bell and Chris Johansen

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 26-39; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010003 - 30 Dec 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

The tillage method determines several soil physical parameters that affect the emergence of post-rice chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of South Asia. Mechanised row-sowing with minimum soil disturbance and crop residue retention in medium-to-heavy-textured soils will alter the seedbed when compared to that prepared after traditional full tillage and broadcast sowing. Whilst minimum soil disturbance and timely sowing may alleviate the soil water constraint to crop establishment, other soil physical properties such as soil strength, bulk density, and aggregate size may still inhibit seedling emergence and root elongation. This study’s objective was to determine the limitations to chickpea crop establishment with increasing bulk density and soil strength, and different aggregate sizes below and above the seed. In two growth cabinet studies, chickpea seed was sown in clay soil with (i) a bulk density range of 1.3–1.9 Mg m−3 (Experiment 1) and (ii) the combination of bulk densities (1.3 and 1.8 Mg m−3) and aggregate sizes (<2 mm and >4 mm) above and below the seed (Experiment 2). Root length was significantly reduced with increasing bulk density (>1.4 Mg m−3), and soil strength impeded early root growth at >1 MPa. Where main root growth was impeded due to high bulk density and soil strength, a greater proportion of total root growth was associated with the elongation of lateral roots. The present study suggests that the soil above the seed needs to be loosely compacted (<1.3 Mg m−3) for seedling emergence to occur. Further research is needed to determine the size of the soil aggregates, which optimise germination and emergence. We conclude that soil strength values typical of field conditions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain at sowing will impede the root growth of chickpea seedlings. This effect can be minimised by changing tillage operations to produce seedbed conditions that are within the limiting thresholds of bulk density and soil strength.

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Open AccessArticle

Quality and Nutraceutical Features of Cicer arietinum L. Stored under Nitrogen Atmosphere

Lorenzo Moncini, Gea Guerriero, Gabriele Simone, Chiara Vita and Roberto Berni

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 16-25; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010002 - 21 Dec 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea, or garbanzo bean) is one of the most consumed legumes worldwide. It is a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, minerals and vitamins with very low cholesterol. From a nutritional point of view, despite the low content of fats, the seeds contain various unsaturated acids, such as linoleic and oleic acids, as well as bioactive compounds, like antioxidants, with reactive oxygen species-scavenging activities. It is known that long periods of storage can drastically affect the preservation of these compounds in seeds. For this reason, in the last few years, different methods have been tested with the aim of increasing the shelf life of economically relevant beans, seeds and cereals. A promising and eco-friendly alternative to traditional storage is the use of a controlled atmosphere, represented by N2-pressurized silos. The present study aims at evaluating the content of different compounds, e.g., fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and molecules of nutraceutical interest, in chickpeas stored at ambient temperature in N2-pressurized silos (98.5 ± 0.5% (v/v)) and control ones (standard storage) in long-term kinetics (1 year). The results show the stable content of most compounds during the kinetics. However, vitamin E decreased in samples stored under both standard and controlled atmosphere conditions, with a more pronounced and significant decrease under standard conditions as compared to the controlled atmosphere. Additionally, samples stored under a controlled atmosphere show a total higher content of quinic, indole butyric and benzoic acid, as well as their derivates.

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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies to Improve the Yield and Storage of Seeds for Different Applications)

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Open AccessArticle

Altitudinal Genetic Variation of Pinus oocarpa Seedling Emergence in the Southern Mountains, Oaxaca, Mexico

Mario Valerio Velasco-García and Adán Hernández-Hernández

Seeds 2024, 3(1), 1-15; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds3010001 - 20 Dec 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Pinus oocarpa is the most important conifer for resin production in Mexico, so superior resin trees were selected in the Southern Mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico. The objective was to determine the variation and differences among provenances and among trees according to the parameters of seedling emergence and the number of cotyledons, and their relationship with elevation and climatic variables. The seedling emergence of four replicates of 20 seeds from 80 trees was counted daily. For the emergence parameters, provenance contributed 42.02% to the total variance, tree 29.19% and error 28.79%. Only tree (11.71%) and error (88.29%) contributed to the total variance of the cotyledon number. The effect of provenance (p ≤ 0.0006) and tree (p ≤ 0.0001) was significant for all variables evaluated. Higher-elevation provenances and trees had higher emergence values. The emergence parameters were positively associated with tree elevation. Climatic variables related to precipitation and temperature were negatively related to the emergence parameters. The results allow for the selection of phenotypes without emergence problems to establish seed orchards.

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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parameters of Seed Germination in Wild Plant Species)

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22 pages, 2399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seed Characterization and Evaluation of Pre-Germinative Barriers in the Genus Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae)

Danilo Aros, Paulina Barraza, Álvaro Peña-Neira, Christina Mitsi and Ricardo Pertuzé

Seeds 2023, 2(4), 474-495; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2040035 - 28 Nov 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

The genus Alstroemeria originates from South America, and Chile is one of the countries showing the highest number of taxa (49), of which 40 are endemic. However, anthropogenic and environmental factors are affecting the survival of these species; therefore, the conservation of their genetic variability is of great importance, and can be achieved through seed propagation. Seeds of this genus normally show dormancy, which prevents their germination under favorable conditions. The objective of this work was to understand the pre-germinative barriers to develop a seed propagation protocol for native alstroemerias and to determine the best method to break their dormancy. Seeds from 10 Alstroemeria species native to Chile were collected from the Coquimbo Region to Maule Region, and 5 pre-germination treatments combining scarification and stratification methods were evaluated. Moreover, a morphological and biochemical evaluation of the seeds was performed. The results showed a positive and significant effect on the percentage of emergence using seed soaking in water and cold stratification at 13 °C, obtaining the best results in A. pelegrina and A. angustifolia subsp. angustifolia (98.33% and 91.67%, respectively) after 30 days. The morphological characterization of seeds showed a wide range of size (diameter), from 2.18 mm (A. pulchra subsp. pulchra) up to 3.43 mm (A. pelegrina), and different shapes (pseudospherical and angular) and textures (rough and smooth). The highest phenol and tannin concentrations were observed in A. hookeri subsp. maculata with values of 4.71 and 30.95 mg g−1 of seeds, respectively. A bigger size of the seed and a higher concentration of phenols could be related to a higher % of emergence of alstroemeria seeds.

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25 pages, 5223 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Elongation of the Mesocotyl-Coleoptile and Biomass in Parents and Crosses of Corn Seedlings of the High Valleys of Mexico

Antonio Villalobos González, Ignacio Benítez Riquelme, Fernando Castillo González, Ma. del Carmen Mendoza Castillo and Alejandro Espinosa Calderón

Seeds 2023, 2(4), 449-473; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2040034 - 22 Nov 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

The elongation of the mesocotyl and the coleoptile and other seedling traits were analyzed from 16 hybrids of two seed sizes, five varieties and a control. Sowing was conducted in sand beds during the S-F 2020 cycle, where nine genotypes were identified that differed in the elongation of the mesocotyl: long (H-48, HS-2 and Promesa); medium (H-44-H-52 and H-70); and short (H-49 AE, H-40 and H-32). A total of 36 possible crosses were obtained between these nine parents, which were established in the S-S 2021 cycle, and on sand beds. Results show that seed size affected (p< 0.05) the speed and percentage of emergence, the elongation of mesocotyl–coleoptile, the biomass and the heterosis in parents and their crosses. The H-48 hybrid presented greater speed and percentage of emergence and elongation of the mesocotyl and the coleoptile with both seed sizes. The highest dry weight of mesocotyl, coleoptile, roots, and leaves was found in the hybrids Promesa and H-48. The crosses between parents with contrasting mesocotyl presented superior elongation and dry weight (p ≤ 0.05) compared to their parents, with the long × long (1 × 2, 1 × 3 and 2 × 3) crosses standing out for all the traits measured. A strong positive association was obtained (p ≤ 0.01) between the elongation of the mesocotyl–coleoptile, the percentage of emergence, and the production of total dry matter in parents and their crosses.

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13 pages, 1424 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seaweed Extract Components Are Correlated with the Seeds Germination and Growth of Tomato Seedlings

Rosalba Mireya Hernández-Herrera, Mario Felipe González-González, Ana Paulina Velasco-Ramírez, Sandra Fabiola Velasco-Ramírez, Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba and Juan Francisco Zamora-Natera

Seeds 2023, 2(4), 436-448; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2040033 - 22 Nov 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Seaweeds are used in traditional agriculture practices because of their beneficial effects. Recently, the rising demand for organically grown foods has amplified the use of organic fertilizers such as seaweed extracts. Despite their beneficial effects, few studies have reported information about compounds in seaweed extracts that are responsible for these benefits. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationships between the components and secondary metabolites in four seaweed liquid extracts from Eisenia arborea, Macrocystis pyrifera, Padina caulescens, and Sargassum horridum and their biostimulant activity through changes in the germination, growth, and protein content of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum). The E. arborea and S. horridum extracts showed similar compositions (ash, organic carbon, bicarbonates, and chlorides), minerals (Ca, Fe, and Cu) and secondary metabolites (triterpenes and saponins), albeit with different component concentrations. The chemical composition of the P. caulescens extract was significantly different from those of the other extracts; it was characterized by high levels of total nitrogen, phenols, and carbohydrates. Almost all seaweed extracts had beneficial effects on seed germination and seedling length, except the S. horridum extract that inhibits germination. The hierarchical clustering plots and principal component analysis indicated that germination and protein content are related to the presence of sterol. Shoot length was closely related to mineral levels (K, Zn, B, Na) and the C:N ratio, whereas radicle length was closely related to the content of nitrogen, carbohydrates, phenols, and flavonoids in the seaweed extracts. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and require further studies.

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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technologies to Improve the Yield and Storage of Seeds for Different Applications)

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15 pages, 2482 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Ascorbic Acid in Seeds, Priming and Beyond

Mattia Terzaghi and Mario C. De Tullio

Seeds 2023, 2(4), 421-435; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2040032 - 01 Nov 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is mainly known as an antioxidant. However, if the peculiar features of the AsA system in the different stages of seed development and germinationare taken into consideration, it can be concluded that the function of AsA goes far beyond its antioxidant properties. The possible involvement of AsA in the regulation of hormone synthesis and in the epigenetic control of gene expression opens new directions to further research. In recent years, seed priming with AsA has been successfully used as a strategy to improve germination and plant productivity. Beneficial effects of seed AsA priming could be observed in several crop species, but the underlying molecular mechanism(s) are still unclear. The available evidence suggests that AsA priming induces a wide range of coordinated responses allowing primed seeds to overcome adverse environmental conditions.

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15 pages, 1351 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Utilization of Seed Priming as a Tool to Overcome Salt and Drought Stresses: Is Still a Long Way to Go?

Cinzia Forni and Ilaria Borromeo

Seeds 2023, 2(4), 406-420; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2040031 - 27 Oct 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Abiotic stresses, sometimes due to dramatic environmental changes, such as sudden and heavy rainfalls, or drought, increasing temperatures or soil salinization, deeply affect the growth and yield of plants. Progress in terms of improving the abiotic stress tolerance of plants can be obtained via classical breeding and genetic engineering, which can be slow, or by practice, such as acclimation and seed priming. The latter can improve seedling performance, and it can be considered a short-term approach. Seed priming with different agents and biopriming may offer the possibility to improve stress tolerance, even though its beneficial effect depends on crop species, dose, and time of application. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the current research trends that may ultimately lead to strategies for stress-proofing crop species. The focus is on those abiotic stresses, e.g., drought and soil salinity, that are most often associated with climate change and poor agricultural practices and those crops that are most important for human nutrition. Comments are provided on the challenges and pros and cons of this methodology.

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12 pages, 3023 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pre-Sowing Static Magnetic Field Treatment of Vegetable Seeds and Its Effect on Germination and Young Seedlings Development

Athanasios Koukounaras, Achilles Boursianis, Stefanos Kostas, Argyris Theopoulos, Filippos Bantis and Theodoros Samaras

Seeds 2023, 2(4), 394-405; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2040030 - 07 Oct 2023

Cited by 1

Abstract

[...] Read more.

The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an α static magnetic field has been reported in the literature as a means of enhancing plant development. In this work, we have designed, characterized, and constructed a setup for exposing small vegetable seeds to a static magnetic field. In a series of experiments, we have treated the seeds of vegetables that are important for the Mediterranean diet, i.e., tomato, lettuce, and salad rocket. The results show that tomato seedlings significantly benefit from a pre-sowing treatment with a magnetic flux density of 45 mT, for both an exposure time of 60 and 90 min compared to control, while the time of treatment that leads to improved growth is 90 min. In order to improve the growth of salad rocket seedlings the magnetic field had to be 150 mT, whereas the results for lettuce seeds were a bit inconsistent, i.e., it is not clear whether a lower (45 mT) or a higher (300 mT) magnetic flux density should be applied.

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Open AccessArticle

Can Osmopriming Induce Cross-Tolerance for Abiotic Stresses in Solanum paniculatum L. Seeds? A Transcriptome Analysis Point of View

Pedro Bento da Silva, Tatiana Arantes Afonso Vaz, Marcio Luis Acencio, Luiz Augusto Bovolenta, Henk W. M. Hilhorst and Edvaldo A. Amaral da Silva

Seeds 2023, 2(4), 382-393; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2040029 - 28 Sep 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Solanum paniculatum L. belongs to the Solanaceae family and has the ability to grow and develop under unfavorable environmental conditions such as drought and salt stress, acid soils and soils poor in nutrients. The present work aimed to analyze S. paniculatum seed transcriptome associated with induced tolerance to drought stress by osmopriming. Seeds subjected to osmopriming (−1.0 MPa) displayed a higher germination and normal seedling percentage under drought stress when compared with unprimed seeds. RNA-seq transcriptome profiles of osmoprimed and unprimed seeds were determined and the potential proteins involved in the drought tolerance of S. paniculatum were identified. From the 34,640 assembled transcripts for both osmoprimed and unprimed seeds, only 235 were differentially expressed and, among these, 23 (10%) transcripts were predicted to code for proteins potentially involved in response to stress, response to abiotic stimulus and response to chemical. The possible mechanisms by which these stress-associated genes may confer tolerance to osmoprimed Solanum paniculatum seeds to germinate under water deficit was discussed and may help to find markers for the selection of new materials belonging to the Solanaceae family that are more tolerant to stress during and following germination.

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12 pages, 1224 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seed Desiccation Sensitivity Varies with Geographic Distribution in Two New Zealand Native Pittosporum Species

Yu Kai, Alejandra Alfaro Pinto, Andrea Clavijo McCormick, Jayanthi Nadarajan, Xiong Zhao He, Marion MacKay and Craig McGill

Seeds 2023, 2(3), 370-381; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2030028 - 05 Sep 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Ex situ conservation involves the maintenance and reproduction of species in areas outside their natural habitats. Seed banking is a well-established ex situ approach used for plant conservation. Seed banking consists of collecting, drying, and storing seeds to preserve genetic diversity. The main limitation of this technique is that the seed must be desiccation tolerant. Seed storage behaviour can vary among species, and for some species, drying without loss of viability is not possible, meaning storage under conventional seed banking conditions (sub-zero temperatures and low relative humidity) is not possible. Understanding seed storage behaviour is an essential prerequisite for establishing whether conventional seed banking is an option for seed conservation. This study investigated the desiccation tolerance and sensitivity of mature seeds of two native New Zealand species of Pittosporum (P. eugenioides and P. crassifolium) from two geographic locations (Palmerston North and Wellington), with the aim of understanding their seed storage behaviour and thereby improving conservation outcomes. The variables measured were seed moisture content, viability, germination, and desiccation responses. We developed sorption isotherm for both species to support the future development of storage protocols. Our results show that both P. eugenioides and P. crassifolium display non-orthodox behaviour, i.e., are desiccation sensitive and cannot be stored under conventional seed banking conditions, but also suggest that seed desiccation responses vary with the geographical origin of the seeds. This study highlights the importance of exploring seed storage behaviour using different populations to optimize ex situ conservation strategies aimed at preserving the genetic diversity of New Zealand’s threatened and endangered species.

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13 pages, 1817 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Oxidant and Antioxidant Profiling in Viscaria alpina Seed Populations Following the Temporal Dynamics of an Alpine Climate

Andrea Pagano, Enrico Doria, Andrea Mondoni, Fiona Jane White, Alma Balestrazzi and Anca Macovei

Seeds 2023, 2(3), 357-369; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2030027 - 01 Sep 2023

Abstract

[...] Read more.

The adaptability of seed metabolism to different environmental conditions represents a crucial aspect to understand the effects of climate change on plant populations in wild environments. Among the indicators of stress and repair in seeds, tocopherols and malondialdehyde have been related to membrane stability in seed deterioration. Alpine plants constitute an interesting system to understand stress response dynamics because of the relevant climate variations challenging seed viability in alpine environments. This study considered five accessions of Viscaria alpina seeds collected over five years, highlighting significant correlations between environmental parameters such as precipitations and temperature, and several indicators of the oxidative stress response. These provide new insights on how changes in indicators of the seed stress response can reflect annual variations in temperature and precipitations affecting their parental plants, with possible implications on the current understanding of seed persistence in alpine environments threatened by climate change and on the effects of seed storage.

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17 pages, 2571 KiB

Open AccessReview

Deep Learning for Soybean Monitoring and Management

Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo

Seeds 2023, 2(3), 340-356; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2030026 - 15 Aug 2023

Cited by 1

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Artificial intelligence is more present than ever in virtually all sectors of society. This is in large part due to the development of increasingly powerful deep learning models capable of tackling classification problems that were previously untreatable. As a result, there has been a proliferation of scientific articles applying deep learning to a plethora of different problems. The interest in deep learning in agriculture has been continuously growing since the inception of this type of technique in the early 2010s. Soybeans, being one of the most important agricultural commodities, has frequently been the target of efforts in this regard. In this context, it can be challenging to keep track of a constantly evolving state of the art. This review characterizes the current state of the art of deep learning applied to soybean crops, detailing the main advancements achieved so far and, more importantly, providing an in-depth analysis of the main challenges and research gaps that still remain. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the leap from academic research to technologies that actually work under the difficult conditions found in the the field.

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零碎的卡片笔记谁最擅长整理输出？flomo、Seeds 和 Writeathon 对比 - 少数派

PRIMEMatrix栏目Pi Store更多无需申请，自由写作任何用户都可使用写作功能。成功发布 3 篇符合基本规则的内容，可成为正式作者。了解更多退出登录反馈PRIMEMatrix栏目Pi Store更多零碎的卡片笔记谁最擅长整理输出？flomo、Seeds 和 Writeathon 对比主作者关注孙彬少数派作者少数派作者喜欢思考的科技媒体创业者孙彬关注孙彬少数派作者少数派作者喜欢思考的科技媒体创业者联合作者关注孙彬少数派作者少数派作者喜欢思考的科技媒体创业者孙彬关注孙彬少数派作者少数派作者喜欢思考的科技媒体创业者 2023 年 04 月 19 日 Matrix 精选Matrix 是少数派的写作社区，我们主张分享真实的产品体验，有实用价值的经验与思考。我们会不定期挑选 Matrix 最优质的文章，展示来自用户的最真实的体验和观点。文章代表作者个人观点，少数派仅对标题和排版略作修改。作为一名 flomo 将近两年的老用户，手头攒了不少的卡片，最近一次整理卡片的时候，突发奇想，有没有什么办法，可以比较方便地把某个特定领域的若干张卡片筛选出来，批量导出或复制到一个地方，再组合到一起，把闪念笔记、文献笔记合并为永久笔记呢？其实如果 flomo 能实现这下一步的功能，或许就是我最想要的了，既然暂时没有，我就开始了一轮工具的测试和筛选，怎样的软件可以「接住」flomo 的卡片。一轮折腾之后，新软件倒是了解了不少，不过也让我陷入了新的一轮挣扎和纠结，今天就和你分享一下我针对两款国产工具的详细测试对比。最后，也会谈一谈为什么这两款软件尽管都提供了类似功能，但 flomo 作为信息输入的第一站，依然是不可替代的。谈软件之前，明确自己的需求首先，笔记软件这么多，每家都有各自的选择，站在产品侧看是差异化，站在用户侧看就是各有「优缺点」。这里的优缺点是根据个人来看的，比如我觉得 Notion 这一系列软件的 emoji 符号很棒，前几天却在另一位朋友的分享中看到，这种花里胡哨的功能很打扰他。如果说这种功能还属于萝卜青菜、各有所爱，那另一些功能或许就是水火不相容的矛盾了。比如多端同步的便捷和本地存储的安全，就是鱼与熊掌不可兼得。对我自己来说，灵感笔记和碎片笔记，对多端同步的需求远远高于安全性的需求，我完全不会因为多年后的某个「万一开发者倒闭并且不让用户导出」的特殊情况，耽误这些年可能在手机上随时记录下来的无数灵感。于是，仅仅是多端同步这一点，就过滤掉了很多方案的选择，比如 Logseq、Obsidian 等强大又低成本的双链笔记方案，还有近期才关注到的 Lattics 这样优雅的新工具。Lattics 官网如果需要一张一张把手机上记录的卡片复制粘贴到这些软件，再处理互相的连接关系，那就和我改进流程的初衷背道而驰了。同时，Notion 等软件也都有手机端，但每次输入一个灵感都要先思考该把这条灵感放到哪个页面、哪个多维表格，实在太占用心智。既然要手机同步，那就要在手机上享受极致的无压输入，这一点 flomo 做得确实太棒了，有时候我甚至忘了它是个笔记软件，就拿它当个微信传输助手在发消息，至于需要思考的标签整理和双向链接整理，全都等自己正襟危坐在电脑前时再进行。这一点我在后面会展开说。说到双向链接，这又是一个我不能舍弃的点，不仅要双链，我还需要跳转非常灵活的双链。在这儿不讲什么第二大脑的理论，只举例讲我获得过的实实在在的好处。我读文章的时候对人名的敏感度很低，尤其是英文名，陌生的名字往往直接就略过了。为了应对这个坏习惯，我每次读到某个观点的出处，都会强制自己给这个人名加一张引用卡。比如第一次见到 Tiago Forte 这个名字，尽管无感，还是用一张单独的卡片记下他。下次再记录一个新的知识，又遇到了这个名字，我加入引用的时候，输入双括号和他的名字，意外地发现这个名字我已经引用过了。又过了几次，只从这张人物卡的反向链接数量，就知道他一定是值得我长期关注的人，于是着手去了解关于他的一切，进而和更多的知识、更多的人发生了链接。另外，我是间隔很久、在不同场景下记录了和 Tiago Forte 相关的卡片，若不是通过这个人，这几个观点也基本不会串联到一起，那么通过人物这个节点，我还可以把本来不相关的一些知识，串联到一起，诞生出新的想法。由一个人物串联起来的知识我想，像是人名、书名、机构名等等，天然适合当做双向链接的枢纽节点，原因有三个。首先，在操作层面，名字是唯一的，字段本身就有了强编码属性，不会出现去年建立了「思维认知」卡片，今年又建立了「思想认知」卡片这样的情况；第二，在真实世界，本来人、公司和书就是串联起知识和观点的重要纽带，把他们当做思考的「钩子」，非常符合直觉。第三，通过后期整理卡片时，按照节点数量排序，可以很方便地发现，什么样的人、什么样的机构和自己关注的领域高度相关，是不是可以进一步去搜索他的播客、订阅内容等。那么综上，我的一个新需求——让随时记录的零碎卡片汇总到一起、半自动地形成文章或永久笔记，还有两个不愿意放弃的老需求——多端同步和双向链接，就已经比较明确了，不能同时满足这三点的，基本都含泪放弃。最终，两款笔记软件引起了我的注意，分别是卡片笔记与白板结合的 Seeds（思记），卡片笔记与文章生成结合的 Writeathon（写拉松）。经过详细的测试，也分别联系到了两款工具的开发者，反馈了我的建议，下面是截止到发文时间，两款笔记各自优缺点的主观评价。也希望各位看官能给出更好的方案。Seeds（思记）：「园长」视角俯瞰卡片思记支持全平台（Web、Windows、iOS、Android）同步，这点先给个赞。手机端可以按时间顺序查看卡片，也可以按标题和标签筛选显示卡片。手机上创建卡片，可以插入引用，形成双向链接，为了方便手机输入，不需要输入两个中括号，只要一个 @ 就能关联卡片。输入@史蒂芬平克，就会显示上述效果小缺点是卡片不能直接显示反向链接，需要点击卡片下面的「关联」按钮，展开后才能看到反向链接，按说这里的空间很大，默认就展开的话应该完全不占地方。这里要点击两次才能展开反向链接不过展开之后，比起很多软件只显示反链的标题，Seeds 会显示更多的内容，方便回想。思记也做了卡片回顾功能，分别是智能回顾（app 内查看，每天随机回顾三条）和桌面小组件回顾。能和过去的想法不期而遇，这也是手机端的一大好处。智能回顾和小组件回顾不过，很多的场景是这样的：当我回顾某一张旧的卡片，产生了一个新的灵感，那么最便捷的操作应该是，点击「在新卡片中引用此卡」，也就是 flomo 里面的「批注」，但很遗憾 Seeds 没有提供这样的功能。flomo 的批注功能于是，这种场景下，我的操作只能是：记住这张旧卡的标题，退出回顾页面，新建一张卡片，@ 旧卡的标题完成引用，有点不够方便，但也算是能用。PC 和手机端都提供了基于双向链接的图谱功能，PC 端看起来更方便一些。PC 端可以左右分屏查看下面重点说说电脑上的操作，也就是卡片的整理和融合。卡片本身的编辑和查看与手机端基本保持一样的逻辑，支持左右分屏查看编辑，缺点依然是双链藏得有点深，需要点击一次才能看到反向链接内容。还是要点一下才能看反向链接接下来是重点功能——画布。高情商一点来说，Seeds 的画布功能，和 Heptabase、Scrintal 等软件的卡片+白板「不谋而合」，因为多端同步、性价比等原因，我个人是很欢迎这样国产的不谋而合的。你可以在画布里拖入已有的卡片，也可以双击空白处新建卡片。不过这里有个小遗憾，就是选择已有卡片只能通过搜索，而不能通过标签、创建日期等条件筛选，尽管搜索的字段对标签有效，但对于标签分类不太严谨的人来说，很容易漏掉重要的卡片。画布中只能通过搜索来筛选卡片你可以给不同卡片赋予不同的颜色，比如用某种颜色代表已经输出过，还可以给卡片之间连线，构建复杂的关联，这里的连线只是在视觉上有提示功能，并不会实际影响卡片之间的双向链接。Seeds 允许你建立多个画布，这样每个画布就可以代表特定的领域，你可以经常回到某个画布，补充新的卡片，创建连接，直到一个项目或一个内容完成。对比一下，Roam Research 等软件提供的网状节点图，有点像上帝视角，当笔记数量多了之后会因为太过宏观，而无法提供详细信息；而纯文字的双链笔记又太过微观，容易让人迷失在笔记的森林里看不到全局。Seeds 这种把一部分强相关内容放到一张画布，自己整理关联关系的「园长视角」，介于宏观和微观之间，作为数字花园的园长去俯瞰自己的笔记卡，不失为一种很好的后期整理方式。当我真的用 Seeds 画布，通过筛选、添加卡片，完成了一篇长文的大纲，一种满足感油然而生——以前积累的卡片终于见到天日了！不过很快又发现，面对这个大纲，我该怎么把这么多张卡变成长文呢？难道还是一张一张卡片复制粘贴吗？那这样和原来在 flomo 里的流程也没有特别大的改进嘛。这时候，Seeds 更新了「卡片合并」功能，可以在画布里框选多张卡片，合并成一张卡。框选后可以合并卡片这样倒是只需要合并后往外复制一次了，但又带来了新的麻烦：当我合并9张卡的时候，除了留下来的一张长卡片，另外8张卡片的内容全都消失了。不是卡片被删除，而是在卡片盒里留下了 8 张内容为空的卡片。我需要手动一张张删除这些废卡。需要手动删除这些空卡片我理解这应该是目前版本的 bug，但如果 bug 修正后，软件的逻辑是「合并成新卡之后，删除旧卡片」，恐怕也是我不能接受的，毕竟输出过内容的卡，还是应该留在卡片盒子里面复用的，至少可以给个是否保留的选项。截止到这里，Seeds 可以说是卡片整理较好的解决方案，不过对于我个人的使用场景，还有这么几条遗憾，总结一下：回顾旧卡时，不能通过类似「批注」的功能，直接创建带有双链的新卡，稍显不便；双链的反向链接藏得比较深，如果忘了点击，就会忽略反向链接信息；在画布中添加卡片的时候，只能搜索而不能筛选，卡片多了找起来比较费劲；因为画布中合并卡片会删除已有卡片的机制，导致我要么牺牲掉旧卡换来便捷，要么只能把卡片内容一张张复制出去组合成文章，这种二选一的不可兼得实在是太难受了。我把这几条意见反馈给了 Seeds 官方，在不知道是否会采纳的情况下，我同时把目光投向了另一款产品。Writeathon（写拉松）：从卡片笔记到卡片写作不知道各位选择笔记软件的时候有没有遇到过这种情况，某款软件解决了老问题，却总会带来新问题，让人难以取舍。Writeathon 和 Seeds 对我来说，就是这样两款软件。同样支持多端同步创建卡片，同样支持双向链接，这两款软件在「这些卡片最终要去哪」这件事上，有着完全不同的开发理念。把若干张卡片从卡片盒中筛选出来，下一步做什么？Seeds 选择让它们进入白板，自由摆放；Writeathon 则是让它们按照一定顺序排列，直接生成一篇长文。Writeathon 的各端做的功能差异化很大，比如手机端更注重卡片的创建，客户端更注重卡片装配到一起后的文章编辑，而完整的功能——卡片的整理、装配和写作，则是放到了网页端。对于「凡是软件必须有独立客户端」强迫症的我来说，这倒不是什么难事。Edge 浏览器可以把任何一个网页生成独立运行的程序，尽管还是网页版，没有原生开发那么丝滑，但也算是有了完整功能的客户端了。edge 浏览器把网页生成应用和 Seeds 类似，手机上随时添加的卡片，可以在 Web 端很方便地编辑，标签、引用都可以更快捷地完成。相比 Seeds 只能用标签和星标筛选，Writeathon 提供了更丰富的筛选机制，比如按日期、按标签、按卡片盒，还有是否包含图片、链接、附件和任务等等。丰富的筛选机制值得一提的是，你可以建立多个卡片盒，每个盒子会根据所选的标签、日期范围和关键词，把所有卡片归总到一起。这样筛选特定卡片的时候，只需要选择特定的盒子即可。算是给一系列的筛选条件做了个批量打包处理。创建卡片盒按照不同条件筛选之后，就可以批量选中被筛选的卡，进行下一步动作。其中一个动作是「合并卡」，和 Seeds 同理，除了剩下的一张，它也会删除其他卡片（直接删除卡片，没有留下空卡片的 bug）。不过没关系，另外一个选项是「进入卡片写作模式」，这就解决了合并后卡片消失的问题，也是 Writeathon 的核心特色。在卡片写作模式下，页面被分成三栏，左侧是已进入文章的卡片列表，右侧是待使用的卡片列表，中间则是按顺序排列的卡片。卡片写作模式如果之前没有在卡片盒多选卡片，直接进入卡片写作模式，右侧会显示所有可用的卡片，这里可以通过搜索，或是卡片盒、标签筛选快速找到需要用到的卡，这一点又比只能搜索的 Seeds 要好。中间区域可以按照从上往下单行排列卡片，也可以每行三张进行排列。这里我把它看作「低配版的白板」，尽管不能像 Seeds 那样排列出复杂的结构，也不能添加关系连线，但也可以拖拽卡片改变顺序。左侧的卡片列表和中央区域都可以拖拽卡片，顺序会同步改变。每行三张排列卡片你也可以在卡片之间插入新的卡片，补充文章的内容。所有卡片顺序调整好之后，就可以把所有文本内容合并，生成一篇完整的文章，你可以选择是否保留卡片中的标题和标签，还可以选择是否归档已经使用的卡片。此时，进入文章写作模式，所有文本已经和原本的卡片脱离关系，任何修改都不会影响原有的卡片。排列好卡片生成文章可以看出，开发者本人是非常热爱写作的，在写作这件事儿上，Writeathon 下了非常多的功夫，尽管这样对并不定位于写作的 Seeds 不太公平，但还是值得说一说。比如，Writeathon 的写作模式中提供了 Zen（禅意）模式，全屏沉浸写作，还提供了键盘音效和白噪音功能。沉浸式写作你可以设置写作目标来激励自己，还可以在软件里发起一场「写拉松 Live」，喊上朋友一起直播写作，互相监督。写拉松直播不知道该写什么的时候，「写作大爆炸」功能会比较智能地提取过往文章的常用关键词，「每日话题」和AI驱动的「灵感织机」能提供不少的写作灵感。写作大爆炸（上）和灵感织机（下）提到 AI，Writeathon 也接入了 ChatGPT 对话，创建卡片或者写文章的时候，都可以呼出 AI 机器人，随意提问，每次生成消耗 1 墨点，大概 9 分钱，还是挺实惠的。内置 ChatGPT尽管在卡片整合这件事上，Writeathon 没有 Seeds 画板那样自由的俯瞰视角，但在生产力方面，对于我这种攒着卡片就是为了写文章的人来说，似乎是更好的选择。但是，万事没有完美，Writeathon 偏偏在另一个我非常重视的地方，卡住了我的脖子——那就是可以自由跳转的双向链接。文章开始我就谈到，良好的双向链接可以帮我发掘出值得关注的重要节点，还能让原本没发现关联的两个知识点发生化学反应。这里特别重要的地方就在于，被链接的卡片里，可以很方便的查看反向链接，还能在各种链接之间自由跳转。还记得前面说的，Seeds 尽管可以实现跳转，但反向链接需要手动展开才能看见，让我不太满意吗？Writeathon 的反向链接就做得更不好了，在手机上，当我点击一张卡片里链接的其他卡片，只会弹出一个窗口描述卡片内容，不会显示这张卡被哪些卡引用过。点击引用，只会弹出窗口Web 端可以部分实现反向链接的显示，不过也比较折腾，需要双击打开一张卡，点击卡片上的「工具栏」按钮，才会在右侧的窗口看到反向链接，并且链接的卡片只显示标题，不显示内容。利用工具栏查看反向链接并且这里还有一个限制：你必须找到那张带有反向链接的原始卡片，才能通过上面的操作显示反向链接，如果你是通过跳转来到这张卡的，比如 B 卡引用了 A 卡，那么在 B 卡的链接点击 A 卡，无法跳转到编辑界面，还是会和手机端一样弹出一个预览窗口，也就无法看到反向链接。只能看到引用内容，不显示反向链接也就是说，如果 B、C、D 三张卡都引用了 A 卡，那无论如何也不能实现这几张卡之间的灵活跳转。在文章一开始举的例子中，如果我在不同时间分别记录了几个来自 Tiago 的观点，在 Writeathon 中是没有办法通过 Tiago 这张人物卡把几个知识串联到一起的。正当我为了这个不太灵活的双向链接一筹莫展的时候，又发现了 Writeathon 提供的一个新功能，本以为它能「曲线救国」实现链接跳转，没想到却让自己陷入了更深的疑惑。先回顾一下前面说到 Seeds 的一个小缺点：当我回顾某一张旧的卡片，产生了一个新的灵感，那么最简便的操作应该是，点击「在新卡片中引用此卡」，也就是 flomo 里面的「批注」，但很遗憾 Seeds 没有提供这样的功能。我发现，Writeathon 查看卡片的时候，上面有一个叫做「扩展」的按钮，它是我需要的批注功能吗？卡片上方的扩展按钮点击这个按钮，会弹出一个界面，可以添加新卡片，添加的卡片会被列在原始卡片的下面一层。卡片扩展页面同时，在卡片盒里，会生成一张全新的卡片，标题下方会出现一个类似引用的按钮。按下它，就会再次跳转到扩写卡片的页面。点击后跳转到扩展页面嗯？这样操作，就可以在一张卡下面扩写多张卡，可以同时看这些卡片的完整内容，还能看到它们的从属关系。那么，这个「扩展」功能不就完全可以取代「引用」功能，实现知识关联了吗？可是——再次可是——这个功能也依然存在问题。例如，在卡片写作模式下，使用了「引用」功能的卡片链接，会以绿色的字显示，尽管还是只能弹窗查看，不能进一步查看反向链接，但至少有个提醒的作用。而使用「扩展」功能创建的新卡，只是显示为一张独立的卡片，上面不显示任何链接，它的出处已经彻底不可见了，这让我很难放心大胆地使用扩写功能，因为正式写作的时候会忘了还有相关的扩展。再比如，Writeathon 和 Seeds 一样，提供了引用图谱，所有互相引用的卡片都会串联到一起。帮助我发现知识之间的关联，但是，它也只针对「引用」功能做了图谱，而所有「扩展」生成的卡片不会出现在图谱关系中。那么有没有办法呢？我只能用很麻烦的办法（其实走到这一步已经觉得有点太折腾了），凡是需要体现双向链接的卡片，我都先用「扩写」功能，比如从人物卡中扩写一张观点卡出来，这样做的目的是能在查看卡片的时候跳转到扩写窗口，显示完整的反向链接内容。与此同时，再打开观点卡，手动添加一个指向人物卡的引用链接，以便于它们的链接关系可以出现在卡片写作模式和图谱中。这样麻烦的操作恐怕难以持久即便是这样折腾，也还是会面对新的问题：这种做法，只能在浏览一张旧的卡片，想到一个新点子的情况下去扩展。如果反过来，例如我已经写完了一张新的观点卡片，突然想到可以引用一张旧的人物卡片，那么人物卡在逻辑上应该是观点卡的母卡片，但我已经不能去人物卡下面扩展出观点卡，因为观点卡刚刚已经写完了，我总不能先把写完的卡片删除，再回到人物卡里扩展观点卡，最后再回到观点卡片里引用人物卡片吧……我想，如果 Writeathon 把「扩写」和「引用」做成一套对称的操作，背后是统一的系统，都可以完整显示双向链接、都可以随意跳转、都可以在图谱中看到关联，那就是一个完整的闭环了。实际上，flomo 正是把这两个操作统一了：在 A 卡中批注一张新的 B 卡，或者在写 B 卡的时候引用 A 卡，最终呈现的效果都是一样的。我总体上的感觉，就是开发者做出了两个独立功能，但两个功能还没有做好打通——至少在我需求的这个场景下是这样的。我也把这个困惑发给了 Writeathon 的开发者，同时询问他，是不是我理解错了「扩展」的使用方法？暂时还没有得到回复。非常期待后续 Writeathon 的版本更新能解决这个问题，同时我也从开发者那了解到，后续的版本也打算做有特色的白板功能，还会引入更多的 AI 功能，如果是这样，那或许就是我心中卡片速写+后期整理成文的完美解决方案。这里也梳理一下 Writeathon 让我觉得还不够完美的地方：卡片只有文本格式，不能设置其他格式或插入图片；手机端没有加入回顾提醒功能；查看引用卡片的反向链接很不方便；双向链接的内容无法实现自由跳转；扩写功能与引用功能整合做的不够好。为什么 flomo 依然不可替代？上述两款软件，在整理卡片功能上，尽管不完美，但还是走出了坚定的一步，尤其是 Seeds 在日常卡片输入、多端同步和双向链接方面，已经做得很好了。那么能不能用它们来代替 flomo 呢？截止到发文这个时间，我的结论是：在信息输入和灵感记录方面，还不能。因为除了整理、输出，保量的卡片的输入，是一切的根本，没有足够的阅读量和输入量，后续一切都无从谈起。那么可以看看 flomo 在信息输入和灵感积累这一块做了多少工作。首先在多端使用方面，flomo 每一端都做得非常丝滑，有次我看到少楠在即刻发了一个帖子：「对于一个 app 来说，其品质的很大一个因素在于速度，无论是启动，加载还是响应，而很多时候，这件事并不在产品经理的优先级中。」如果是正襟危坐的写作，打开一次写 10 分钟，那这种体验差异的频率并不高，但记录闪念这件事一天可能要发生十几次、几十次，在你任何可以打开的设备上，打开就写、不卡顿这种微妙的差异，确实会影响一个很小的念头要不要写下来的决定。手机、电脑、浏览器插件，灵感出现的时候，无论手头在做什么，一定能有个地方迅速叫出 flomo，快速无压记下想法，不用考虑起什么标题、放到哪里，保证灵感不会错过。毕竟，我无法保证，灵感发生的时候，我正巧坐在电脑前、正巧开着笔记软件。多种方式快速输入flomo 的 API 扩展有很多好用的工具，可以和第三方工具打通数据。比如我非常喜欢的浏览器插件，在任何网站叫出它，不仅可以写笔记，还能自动留下网址链接，方便日后查看。喜欢的浏览器插件还有个非常喜欢的 OCR，也是做了有想法的优化，读纸质书的时候打开笔记，点开右侧的文字识别，屏幕分为上下两部分，下面是相机区域，上面是笔记区域，不需要手动框选范围，一键识别，而且速度非常快（这个很难用语言描述清楚，只能自己上手试一试，真的比很多 OCR 软件要丝滑很多）。ORC非常好用很多我常用的知识输入产品，得到、微信读书、即刻、Apple Books，都可以通过 API 无缝导入，这里面很多内容都是无法通过高亮笔记软件实现记录的。丰富的API扩展另外，对比 Seeds 没有批注功能、Writeathon 尚不完备的双向链接，flomo 支持通过@引用、批注、复制链接三种方式创建双向链接，有双链的卡片也无需展开，直接显示反向链接，可以完成链接卡片之间无限次数的跳转。不过因为 flomo 没有标题的机制，直接把需要引用卡片插入正文，显示会有点奇怪（显示为 Memo➤ ），下图是同样输入 @Tiago Forte，Seeds 直接显示标题的引用方式，和 flomo 在下方单独显示引用的方式，可能需要改变一下输入习惯，把嵌入到正文的内容单独写在正文下方。记下的东西转脸就忘，也永远无法成为输出的子弹。flomo 的回顾机制也是所有卡片软件里做得最好的，不仅有微信提醒、小组件提醒，还可以设置不同时间段提醒的范围，比如近期我对产品设计感兴趣，希望每天中午 12 点思考一会关于这个领域的内容，那就可以按时段、按范围来设置回顾提醒。自定义小组件回顾和微信回顾多种丝滑的输入方式、高频可控的回顾方式，这两个方面让 flomo 依旧成为我不可替代的信息输入第一站。接下来要解决的，就是从这一站积累下来的卡片，怎样变成生产力。当然最不嫌麻烦的方法，就是经常整理、筛选，然后一张张复制到其他软件里去整理。flomo 提供了 API 导出到 Notion 的选项，但确是一次性同步所有卡片，若是想通过 Notion，在几百上千张卡片中快速筛选需要的十几张，再拼合组成长文，实在是不太好用。截止到目前，我给自己制定的、尚不完美的流程是：flomo 每次回顾提醒，都要思考一下，这张卡是否能扩写内容？是否需要整理标签？引用的内容是否能用自己的话重写？不断把临时卡向永久卡方向迭代，无用的卡片该删就删。定期在 flomo PC 端整理积累的卡片，没写完整的、非原创的、不能用作后期输出的，回炉继续深造，已经写好的卡片，迁移出 flomo，进入永久卡片盒。基于前面的对比，我暂时倾向于把 Seeds 作为永久卡片盒，因为比起 Writeathon，它的双链功能做得更完备，也可以把卡片放到画布里去俯瞰每一个具体实施的项目，还欠缺哪些内容，有目的地区收集资料。收集新资料，依然不直接写入 Seeds，而是先存入 flomo，直到它足够成为一张永久卡片。不需要摆放查看卡片，可以撸起袖子直接开始写作的项目，可以跳过 Seeds，用 Writeathon 开始写作。另外，文章开头提到的 Lattics，不属于今天的讨论范围，主要是没有多端同步，但也是非常棒的卡片承接和写作工具，具体可以看玉树芝兰兄写的：如何轻松愉快践行卡片写作？Lattics 使用体验。之所以说这还是个不完美的流程，有两个原因。第一，从 flomo 迁移出临时卡片这个操作，目前可以通过标签、创建时间等维度筛选，然后批量导出，7 天导出一次对于一般写作者来说也够了，不过目前导出的是 html 格式而不是 Markdown，上述软件都无法承接，所以只能是手动一张张复制出去，算是增加一次写作摩擦和记忆过程吧。第二，因为几款软件都有功能上的重叠，把卡片盒分在几款软件里，不仅有会员费的浪费，也有卡片分散、双链互相丢失的问题，如果能在一款软件里完成这个闭环，那就只需要一个标签把卡片盒分开就好了。我同样把这个期待讲给了 flomo 开发者，一边践行这样的流程，一边期待更新吧。总结flomo 的口号是「持续不断记录，意义自然浮现」，Seeds 的宣传口号是「卡片记录想法，画布连接思考」，Writeathon 的口号是「写作就像马拉松」，我认为他们都在践行自己出发时的理念，而我基于自己的流程需求，硬把几个定位不同的工具放在一起做对比，这既不公平，也没必要，今天的分享，仅作为我一段时间折腾的总结。同时，我也不禁思考，折腾到这么远，我的需求是不是只要 flomo 提供一个「筛选部分卡片，然后一键全部复制为 Markdown」的功能，就已经可以解决了？有时候人就是这样，如果没见过某些功能，可能永远也不会认为需要它们，而无论是已有的多端同步、双向链接，还是新发现的白板和卡片写作，都是「一旦见过，就想一直拥有」的好功能。我并不希望把信息管理流程整个 All in One，像是稍后阅读、永久笔记整理、文章撰写和发布，就都是在其他的软件里进行，主要因为以整篇文章为单位的复制粘贴不算太麻烦，但还是希望能把日常碎片收集、后期整理输出形成一个小闭环。如果你有类似的折腾和思考，也欢迎告诉我你的思路。> 下载少数派 2.0 客户端、关注少数派公众号，解锁全新阅读体验 > 实用、好用的正版软件，少数派为你呈现 10266扫码分享本文责编：@北鸮© 本文著作权归作者所有，并授权少数派独家使用，未经少数派许可，不得转载使用。 #热门文章

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SEED中文(繁體)翻譯：劍橋詞典

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seed 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯

seednoun uk

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/siːd/ us

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/siːd/

seed noun

(PLANT)

Add to word list

B2 [ C or U ] a small, round, or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow

種子

Sow the seeds (= put them in the ground) about three centimetres deep.

把這些種子種進約三公分深的地方。

The chemical will stop all seeds from sprouting (= starting to grow).

這種化學製品可制止種子發芽。

The farmers grow these crops for seed (= for planting to grow more crops, rather than for eating).

農民種這些作物是爲了育種。

比較

pip

[ U ] literary →

semen

精液

go/run to seed

If a food plant goes or runs to seed, it produces flowers and seeds because it has not been picked early enough.

（食用植物未及時採摘而）開花結籽

In hot weather lettuces can suddenly run to seed.

在炎熱的天氣下，萵苣會在很短的時間內開花結籽。

If a person or place goes or runs to seed, their physical appearance becomes worse because no one takes care of them.

（人）變得不修邊幅；（地方）變得破敗

After he retired, he really went to seed.

退休之後，他真的變得不修邊幅了。

更多範例减少例句Sow the seeds in pots.It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout.caraway seedsIt's rather early to be sowing carrot seeds, isn't it?How many seeds are there in a packet?

seed noun

(BEGINNING)

C2 [ C usually plural ] the cause of a feeling or situation, or the early stages of it

根源;原因;初期

From these early seeds of their friendship, they grew into lifelong companions.

早年的友誼讓他們成為相伴一生的伴侶。

He may be sowing the seeds of his own destruction in the long term by using violence against his own people.

對人民使用暴力，他也許正在為自己最終的毀滅埋下種子。

seed noun

(SPORT)

[ C ] especially in tennis, a good player who is given a place on the list of those expected to win games in a particular competition because of the way they have played in the past

（尤指網球的）種子選手

Turner's opponent in the quarter-finals is the number one seed.

在四分之一決賽中，特納的對手是頭號種子選手。

seedverb uk

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/siːd/ us

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/siːd/

seed verb

(PLANT)

[ I or T ] to produce seeds

結（籽）

The plants have seeded themselves (= their seeds have fallen) into the cracks between the paving stones.

植物的種子在鋪路石的縫隙中落地生根。

[ T ] (also deseed) to remove the seeds from a fruit or vegetable

除去…的種子

Wash, seed, and cut the pepper into small pieces.

將辣椒洗一洗，去籽，切成小片。

seed verb

(SPORT)

[ T usually passive ] to make a player a seed

使成爲種子選手

[ + adj ] Jones, seeded second, has won her last ten matches.

二號種子選手瓊斯在過去的十場比賽中保持全勝。

seed的例句

seed

A number of protective mechanisms associated with seed desiccation tolerance have been identified through studies on acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance in orthodox seeds.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

Inevitably, such management tended to reduce seed production.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

After stratification treatment(s), all seeds were transferred to incubators to test for germination under the conditions described above.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

Ungerminated seeds were transferred to fresh solutions at 48-h intervals to maintain constant \j/ in the dishes.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

This suggests that seed predators tended to be more host-specific in 1998 than in 1996.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

On the other hand, seeds survived longer at lower than at higher temperatures.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

Responses to fluctuating temperatures are consistent among seeds of many species, but the physiological mechanisms underlying such responses are still unknown.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

The screening system permitted a population approach for quantification of changes in seed population thermal behaviour in relation to dormancy loss.

來自 Cambridge English Corpus

示例中的觀點不代表劍橋詞典編輯、劍橋大學出版社和其許可證頒發者的觀點。

B2,C2

seed的翻譯

中文（簡體）

植物, 种子, 精液…

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西班牙語

semilla, cabeza de serie, quitar las semillas a…

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semente, semente [feminine]…

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बीज, धान्य उगवण्यासाठी पेरेले जाणारे बी…

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種, 種子, 種（たね）…

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tohum, çekirdek, tohum ekmek…

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graine [feminine], germe [masculine], graine…

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llavor…

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zaad, kiem, geplaatst…

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बीज, एक भावना या परिस्थिति का कारण या प्रारंभिक चरण…

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બીજ…

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frø, -frø, spire…

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frö, seedad spelare, gå i frö…

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biji, bibit, meletakkan seseorang sebagai pemain pilihan…

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der Samen, der Keim, gesetzt…

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frø [neuter], kime [masculine], spire [masculine]…

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بیج, تخم, ابتدائی…

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сім'я, насіння, початок…

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семечко, сеять…

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గింజ, విత్తనం, భావన లేదా పరిస్థితికి కారణం లేదా దాని ప్రారంభ దశలు…

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بِذْرة…

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semeno, zárodek, nasazený hráč…

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biji, benih, pilihan…

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เมล็ด, จุดเริ่ม, ผู้แข่งขันที่คัดเลือกไว้โดยหวังว่าจะเข้ารอบสุดท้าย…

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hạt giống, mầm mống, nguồn gốc…

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nasienie, ziarno, siać…

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see you soon idiom

see your way (clear) to doing something idiom

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veggie burger

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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɜː.ɡər/

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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɝː.ɡɚ/

a type of food similar to a hamburger but made without meat, by pressing together small pieces of vegetables, seeds, etc. into a flat, round shape

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Seeds | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

www.fao.orgHomeCommon pagesAbout FAOIn actionCountriesCountry_collectorMediaMain topicsMember countriesThemesThemes_collectorResourcesPublicationsPartnershipsGet involvedoauth2Search resultsAGORAAgroecology Knowledge HubAgro InformaticsAgwaAgrifood EconomicsAquaCropAquatic biodiversity: underpinning aquatic food securityAnimal geneticsAnimal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the PacificArchiveAsia-Pacific Fishery CommissionBlogsBuilding the #ZeroHunger GenerationClimate-Smart AgricultureClimate Smart Agriculture SourcebookCommission de lutte contre le Criquet pèlerin dans la région occidentaleCommittee on Agriculture (COAG)COFICommittee on Commodity ProblemsCommunicationsConnect PortalConservation AgricultureCoordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP)DataDomestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS)Dryland AssessmentDryland ForestryUN Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028FAO 40th AnniversaryFAO 70th AnniversaryFAO AwardsFAO Capacity DevelopmentFAO StoriesMembers GatewayFAO's Global Action on Pollination Services for Sustainable AgricultureFAOLEX DatabaseNobel Laureates Alliance for Food Security and PeaceFAO SOILS PORTALFAO South-South Cooperation GatewayFAO Terminology PortalFAO Treaties DatabaseFishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF)Fishing SafetyFVCFood and Agriculture StatisticsFood CoalitionFood Loss and Waste in Fish Value ChainsFood security and nutrition for allForest and Farm FacilityfoodG77 & China - Rome ChapterGateway to poultry production and productsGateway to dairy production and productsGender and Land Rights DatabaseGeneral Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean - GFCMGeospatial information for sustainable food systemsGFOIGIEWS - Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and AgricultureAgricultural HeritageGlobal Farmer Field School PlatformGlobal Feed Safety PlatformGlobal Forest Resources AssessmentsGlobal Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM)Global Partnership for Climate, Fisheries and AquacultureGlobal Perspectives StudiesGlobal Record of Fishing Vessels, Refrigerated Transport Vessels and Supply VesselsGlobal Soil PartnershipGovernance of TenureHand in HandIllegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishingInternational Plan of Action for Conservation and Management of SharksInvestment Learning Platform (ILP)International Commission on Poplars and Other Fast-Growing Trees Sustaining People and the EnvironmentInternational Day of ForestsInternational Mountain DayInternational Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and AgricultureInternational Year of Fruits and VegetablesInternational Year of Plant Health 2020 - IYPH - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFAO Investment CentreFAO Investment CentreLand & WaterLiaison_collectorLivestock SystemsLocust Watch in Caucasus and Central AsiaMarkets and Trademountain-partnershipNational Forest Monitoringnatural-fibresNOCSPastoralist Knowledge HubPest and Pesticide ManagementPesticide Registration ToolkitPolicy Support and Governance GatewayProgramme Against African Trypanosomosis (PAAT)REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest DegradationReduce Rural PovertyRegion_collectorResearch and Extension SystemsResilienceResponsible Fishing Practices for Sustainable FisheriesSave and GrowSave foodSDG Progress ReportSIDSState of forestsState of fisheries aquacultureRegisterState of Food AgricultureSustainable Food Value Chains Knowledge PlatformTECA - Technologies and Practices for Small Agricultural ProducersTechnical CooperationTechnical Cooperation ProgrammeTechnical Platform on the Measurement and Reduction of Food Loss and WasteThe Development Law ServiceThe Ethics OfficeThe European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD)The Right to FoodThe Right to Food around the GlobeThe Right to Food TimelineThe State of Biodiversity for Food AgricultureThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the WorldTR4 Global NetworkTraditional CropsUrban Food Actions PlatformVoluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale FisheriesWASAG – The Global Framework on Water Scarcity in AgricultureWebcastWestern Central Atlantic Fishery Commission (WECAFC)World Agriculture WatchWorld Banana ForumWIEWS - World Information and Early Warning System on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and AgricultureWorld Food Day 2020World Food Day ContestWorld Programme for the Census of AgricultureWorld Soil Day, 5 December 2020Yunga-UNZero HungerZero Hunger RunAutomatic TranslationRedirects_collectorshort_urlagagriculturebioenergyBiotechbodiesCrisisDimitraEconomic and Social Development streamERPempresFCITfisheryFood compositionfoodclimateFood Chain Crisis Management Framework (FCC)forestryGACSAGEFInternational Mountain DayInternational Year of Family FarmingInternational Year of Pulses 2016iee-follow-up-committeeinphoKCELibraryMedium Term Plan and Programme of Work and BudgetMid-Term Review Synthesis ReportnrorganicagPIRInternational Year of Quinoa 2013remesanetworkRIO202015 International Year of SoilssudanfoodsecurityUN Committee on World Food SecurityUN coordinationunfaoun-security-italyValuechainwbfwfd-poster-contestWFD-poster-contestWSFScodexalimentariusfao-who-codexalimentarius-oldLegal

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Seeds are the primary basis for human sustenance. They are the repository of the genetic potential of crop species and their varieties resulting from the continuous improvement and selection over time.

Crop improvement and the delivery of high quality seeds and planting materials of selected varieties to growers is necessary for ensuring improved crop production and meeting growing environmental challenges. Food security therefore is dependent on the seed security of farming communities.

FAO's role in seeds

FAO plays a lead role in strengthening the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture through policy assistance, technical support and awareness raising.

In the broadest sense, this encompasses the whole range of actions involved in the conservation, diversification, adaptation, improvement and delivery to farmers through seed systems.

FAO, in line with the Second Global Plan of Action priority activities, assists member countries in carrying out the following key activities:Strengthen seed production programmes, including early generation seed multiplication, taking into account comparative advantages of the public and private seed sectorsStrengthen national seed associations and support the emergence of local private seed enterprises involved in the production and distribution of seed through improved access to new varieties, capacity-building activities and appropriate credit schemesStrengthen farmers’ capacities in seed multiplication in order to improve quality of seed produced in the informal sector particularly in transition from emergency to development activities and where there is no private sectorPromote value-adding activities at local level as a means of diversifying farmers’ revenues and stimulating seed demandStrengthen community seed systems programmes to improve farmers’ knowledge and skills related to varieties and seedsSeed systems

In many developing countries, farmers do not yet benefit from the advantages of using quality seed due to a combination of factors, including inefficient seed production, distribution and quality assurance systems, as well as the lack of good seed policies and other regulatory instruments.

To address these constraints, FAO works within a range of areas aiming at enhancing seeds in developing countries and encouraging linkages between breeding and seed systems.

Seed production and delivery

There are usually many different groups of stakeholders involved in the production, distribution and marketing of seeds worldwide, including farmers, seed growers, small enterprises, large companies, agricultural research institutes, agricultural input dealers, civil societies and local markets.

FAO promotes the implementation of an integrated approach in improving farmers’ access to good quality seed, encompassing the informal and formal (public and private) seed sectors in the development of national seed supply chains.Seed security

FAO emergency operations focus on seed security issues to improve farmers’ access to good quality seed of appropriate varieties through seed distribution, seed vouchers and/or seed fairs as may be necessary.

This allows farmers to resume agricultural production after emergencies, thereby minimizing their dependence on food aid.

Advanced technologies, including agricultural biotechnologies and informatics, can help develop better crop varieties more efficiently

Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, which are essential for crop varietal development, must be safeguarded and made available for research.

Plant breeding should aim to produce crop varieties that are nutritious, productive and better adapted to farmers' production systems.

Effective seed systems enhance farmers’ timely access to affordable quality seeds and planting materials of preferred crop varieties.

An enabling environment, consisting of sound policies, regulations and laws, is essential for a well-functioning seed system.

Stories

The gatekeepers of Mozambique’s community seed banks

Seed biodiversity: The life insurance of our food production

Sowing seeds in Tunisian sands

Skills and seeds acquired before have new importance for rural communities in Pakistan

More on this topicPlant Production and ProtectionThe International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and AgricultureCommission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture World Information and Early Warning System (WIEWS ) on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) Seed security assessments project webpageIPPC - International Plant Protection Convention

Key factsA 60% increase in food production must be attained by 2050 when the global population growth will result in over 9 billion persons inhabiting the planet Plants account for over 80% of the human diet and nutrition 250,000 plant species of higher plants are described/identified of which 30,000 plant species are edibleOf these, 30 plant species represent crops that feed the world, while only 5 cereal crops (rice, wheat, maize, millet and sorghum) provide 60% energy intake of the world population By sowing the right seeds today, we can reap a better tomorrow for all.PublicationsGenebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Synthetic Account - The Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

More publicationsSee alsoBiodiversityGenetic resourcesContactWilson Hugo Agricultural Officer

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